Recent access to the Rubaya mine, operated under the control of M23 rebels in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), has unraveled the stories of the thousands of miners working tirelessly to extract coltan, a vital mineral used in mobile phone production. With more than 10,000 individuals engaged in this strenuous line of work, the mine environment showcases a relentless pursuit of survival.
The BBC's recent visit revealed a landscape filled with active shafts and miners, many of whom risk their lives in the treacherous conditions. "When we are deep in the mines, temperatures are very high; digging the mineral is hard, and there can be harmful gases," shared miner Peter Osiasi. Despite these challenges, Osiasi has managed to save for a dowry and support his family, illustrating how mining has transformed his life.
Located in the fertile Masisi Hills of North Kivu province, the Rubaya mine is estimated to hold about 15% of the world’s coltan supply. This wealth has attracted the attention of global investors, amidst a backdrop of complicated ethnic tensions and armed conflict, particularly between the Congolese army and various rebel factions, including the M23, which controls significant portions of eastern DRC.
Arriving at the mine shortly after a ceasefire agreement was signed in Washington between DRC and Rwanda, the hope for stability seemed palpable. However, the M23’s role in the conflict continues to raise questions. They control Goma and have been accused of benefiting from the coltan taxes levied on miners, though these claims are met with denials from the group.
While safety conditions have seen improvements under the M23’s oversight—allowing miners to work without the fear of armed confrontations—wages remain a persistent issue. "Business is going on very well here because we have at least some semblance of peace, but the pay is very low," noted Osiasi.
U.S. interest in DRC’s mineral rights has also surfaced, with hopes that American investors might help develop the region. Authorities are eager for initiatives that can uplift local communities, focusing on job creation and infrastructure improvement. Yet, the presence of the M23 complicates the investment landscape, as clarity regarding partnerships and operational control remains murky.
Political analyst Akramm Tumsifu believes that U.S. investments could serve as a stabilizing force against renewed violence. However, the path forward hinges on negotiations and clarity in the ongoing peace talks led by Qatar, aimed at addressing the root causes of the conflict.
Amidst the uncertainty, miners at Rubaya express a universal desire for peace and better wages, hopeful that their hard work will eventually lead to a brighter future. "My appeal to fellow young men and our leaders is to maintain peace in our area," remarked Osiasi, capturing the aspirations of countless families affected by the lengthy conflict.
